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翻译：blackout 点滴梧桐雨 木易墨香

校对：点滴梧桐雨 blackout | 时间轴：四泡泡 | 总监：blackout

The first thing I want to say is

我首先想说的是

that there's a thesis to the course,

这门课要写一篇论文

that you don't have to share,

不需要你们彼此分享

but that I'd like to test

但是我要用它来检验

for the next twelve or thirteen weeks.

你们在以后十二至十三周内的学习成果

And that thesis is that infectious diseases

论文内容要关于流行疾病

are too important to leave solely to the doctors.

毕竟流行病如此重要而不只是医生的问题

Epidemics, in other words, have had an impact on history

换句话说 流行病 我认为

that I would regard as equal to that of revolutions,

它们的影响就等同于任何一次革命

wars and economic crises.

任何一次战争和经济危机

They are part of the big picture of historical change,

它们是历史变革的重要部分

and not some exotic special interest.

而非仅仅是外来的特殊兴趣

Epidemic diseases have had an enormous impact on religion,

流行疾病对宗教

on the arts, on the colonial expansion,

艺术 殖民扩张

on the establishment of New World slavery,

新世界奴隶制度的建立

on the rise of modern medicine,

现代医学的产生

and on strategies of public health.

公共卫生的策略都有着巨大影响

To examine this thesis,

我检阅这篇论文

we won't be looking at all diseases.

不会着眼于这些疾病

We'll be looking only at a subset

我们只着眼于那些

of high impact infectious diseases

给欧洲和北美带来巨大冲击的

that have affected Europe and North America.

流行疾病中的一小部分

So this means certain exclusions.

于是这就意味着要抛开某些疾病

We won't be looking at chronic diseases, such as cancer,

我们不谈慢性疾病 比如癌症

heart disease, diabetes, asthma, obesity.

心脏病 糖尿病 哮喘 肥胖症

We won't be examining occupational diseases

我们也不检查职业病

such as miner's lung or asbestosis.

比如矿工们的肺或者石棉肺

We'll eliminate also a whole range of tropical diseases

我们也排除一些热带病

that haven't had a major impact on the industrial West,

它们并未给工业发达的西方造成重大冲击

such as dengue, or sleeping sickness,

比如登革热 或者昏睡症

or Chagas disease.

或者查加斯疾病

美洲锥虫病 人兽共患的寄生原虫病

All of these, and other diseases,

所有这些疾病 还有其他未提及的

I would agree entirely are important and worthy of study,

我完全同意它们都很重要而且值得研究

but it would take far more than a semester to examine them all,

只是研究它们花费的远远不止一个学期

and lumping all diseases together

而且将这些疾病混在一起

would lose all coherence.

就完全没有连贯性了

Epidemic diseases-- that is, high impact,

流行疾病 就是冲击力巨大的传染病

infectious diseases make sense intellectually

它们将智力神经

as a separate category of analysis.

分裂为单独的分析类别

That is to say they were, and still are,

也就是说它们无论在以前还是当今

experienced differently from chronic disease,

都与慢性疾病完全不同

and give rise to distinctive fears and anxiety.

并且它们也引发了人们焦虑与恐慌

As you can see in your own day,

就像现在你们所看到的

having heart disease can be a frightening

虽然患心脏病十分可怕

and even a lethal experience.

甚至是致命的

But it's qualitatively distinct

但从本质上讲 它与得艾滋